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EMS 4303-21.04.01-2B25-S1, Legal, Political, and Regulatory Environment in EMS

Unit III Assignment

TEXTBOOK: Murphy, J. K. (2015). Legal, political and regulatory environment in EMS (J. T. Lindsey, Ed.). Pearson.

False Claims Act Memo

Please read the following scenario and craft your response from the perspective of the emergency medical services (EMS) division chief in the form of a memo.

You are the division chief responsible for EMS provided by a suburban fire department. The fire department you represent provides 911 EMS at the advanced life support level for both first response and transport services. Likewise, the organization has a policy in place that indicates all citizens calling 911 and requesting transport from a location within the city to an approved receiving hospital identified by city ordinance will be provided with fire department transport services in an ambulance. Finally, private ambulance companies and a health-care-system-based ambulance service provide nonemergency interfacility medical service transports within the city.

Recently, it has come to light that a fire department of similar size and with the same EMS mission has been the focus of a federal investigation for business practices allegedly in violation of the False Claims Act (FCA). More specifically, the investigation is focused on the transport of patients who did not meet the two criteria established by federal law as “medically necessary” and the subsequent reimbursement requests submitted to and approved by Medicare (Part B).

The investigation was triggered by a whistleblower lawsuit initiated by an employee of the fire department. Additionally, the organization is believed to be at risk for a civil lawsuit based on the whistleblower protection provided under the False Claim Act (FCA), as the whistleblower was terminated by the organization for initiating the lawsuit.

The fire chief asks you to conduct an analysis of this scenario-a correlated evaluation of current relative fire department business practices-to determine if patients being transported meet both criteria for being medically necessary. The fire chief asks that the memo include the findings of your analysis and evaluation along with suggested best practices for avoiding violations of the FCA (relative to submitting reimbursement requests for transported patients). Finally, the fire chief asks that the memo address retaliation protection provided to whistleblowers under the FCA.

Your memo should address at least the items listed below.

Include the applicability of the FCA to patient transport and business practices for federal reimbursement requests.
Describe best practices for determining compliance with the medically necessary patient transport criteria required for Medicare (Part B) reimbursement.
Provide a brief review of other applicable laws and best practices for avoiding violations.
Describe the whistleblower protection provided under the FCA.
Describe the penalties for violations of the identified federal laws.
Provide recommendations for revising department policy and business practices to avoid violations of the FCA.
Describe local political concerns with violations of the FC
Your memo should be at least three pages in length. Select three scholarly sources to support your memo, one of which should be the course eTextbook.

Below is the Daimler Benz (MB)’s 2022 Annual Report prepared under IFRS:

Daimler 2022 Annual ReportLinks to an external site.
Also, below, you can find a hyperlink to the year ended December 31, 2022, General Motors Corporation financial (annual) report prepared under the US GAAP:

General Motors Company Annual Report 2022Links to an external site.
Your client has asked you for some advice about how to compare Mercedes Benz (MB) to General Motors (GM) for a potential common stock investment. Your client has also accessed these financial (annual) reports and cannot make ‘heads or tails’ of what they mean and how the results of these two giants in the car industry really compare to each other. Your client has asked you to help by preparing a summary and a financial comparison of one to the other, including some financial ratios which you should choose (which can be liquidity, solvency, or profitability-related ratios) and which are important to your client.

For your initial posting for this Discussion, summarize for your client in plain English with supporting analyses where required answers to the three of the following five questions. Please copy and paste in bold type each question into your initial response:

Some of the key differences in the basis of preparation of the two financial (annual) reports for MB and GM. Refer to what you learned in the earlier modules of this course and what you learned in this module to answer this question.
Free cash flow is important to your client when deciding whether to invest in the common stock of any company. Compare the free cash flow using the Statement of Cash Flows for MB under both bases of accounting to GM. Briefly explain the results and how they may or may not be comparable to each other as well as why or why not.
Pick one other key ratio in each of the following areas: liquidity, solvency, and profitability. Compare the ratios for the last two or three years for MB under both bases of accounting to GM. Briefly explain the results and how they may or may not be comparable to each other as well as why or why not.
Summarize what you learned from this discussion and exercise about the potential problems that may arise between foreign firms reporting under local statutory financial reporting rules, IFRS, and a competitor in the US reporting only under the US GAAP.
Did the SEC have in the public interest the decision to eliminate the reconciliation by foreign registrants of their IFRS-prepared financial statements to the US GAAP? See this article regarding the SEC’s decision in 2006: SEC Eliminates Reconciliation Requirement for Foreign Companies; AICPA Recommends SEC Use International Accounting StandardsLinks to an external site.. Why or why not, in your opinion?

Case Study

Read the Case Study: A Different Type of Cola War: Coca Cola versus the IRS Download A Different Type of Cola War: Coca Cola versus the IRS. This case study focuses on transfer pricing, including why companies and tax jurisdictions care about transfer pricing, the alternatives available for setting transfer prices, and the importance of tax planning for multinational corporations. You will also evaluate the ethical considerations associated with shifting profits to low-tax jurisdictions.

The Case Study you will see has 13 requirements. Please answer in your Project submission the following specific requirements:

Describe the concept of transfer pricing.
Explain how Coca-Cola’s transfer pricing policy was, in effect, a tax planning strategy.
How did Coca-Cola allocate profits between the parent and syrup subs?
Why is transfer pricing between a parent and subsidiary important if GAAP mandates the elimination of intercompany transactions in consolidation?
Identify differences between allocation of profits attributable to tangible versus intangible assets.
How well did the Coca-Cola company balance its responsibility to maximize shareholder value and its responsibility to fulfill its tax obligations to the government?
Critique the appropriateness of Coca-Cola’s allocation of profits between the parent and foreign subsidiaries.
Evaluate Coca-Cola’s original allocation of profits (10-50-50 method) between the parent and subsidiary against the requirements of I.R.C. § 482 and Treas.Reg. § 1.1502-13(b)(1).
Explain the IRS’ proposed method of profit allocation for Coca-Cola and discuss why this is an appropriate methodology under I.R.C. § 482 and Treas.Reg. § 1.482-1(c).
Was there a business purpose associated with Coca-Cola’s allocation of profits to Brazil and Ireland?
Describe how a tax court might evaluate “excessive profits” when determining the appropriateness of a transfer-pricing policy.
Should the IRS’ role be to enforce the tax code as it is written, or should they be able to determine matters of public policy?
Was the IRS justified in determining Coca-Cola was not paying enough U.S. federal income tax?
Final Project Submission Requirements:

You should submit your written report in a Word document for your instructor to grade your final project submission. Please copy and paste each requirement (single spaced) into the Word document in bold type with your answers directly below each requirement.

The written report should be submitted in a Word document with a Title Page, a Reference page containing at a minimum 5 outside authoritative references, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12-font, and should be a minimum of 6 pages in length excluding the Title and Reference pages. Submissions in excess of 6 pages are acceptable. Your report should be addressed to the Manager of International for his/her information.

InstructionsPaper –

Find two peer reviewed articles in library about ethics in your discipline or ethics in research and discuss the positions of the authors.

Assignment Instructions

Instructions: Select two appropriate articles for review to complete the assignment. Write a review using the instructions below. This paper should be a minimum of 1000 words. Write in APA format. Include cover page, body with in text citations & reference list.

Select two Articles

Locate two peer-reviewed article (related to the ethics) published within the last 3 years in a peer-reviewed journal from the online library, then present an assessment comprising of a precise and critical evaluation. Do not summarize the article. First synthesize the position of the authors. Then, evaluate the information presented in the article. Evaluate the information presented in the article for truth.

Is there bias or faulty reasoning? You must support claims of both fact and faulty reasoning.

What are both author’s saying the same topic? Do they agree or is there conflicting information.

Draw conclusions.

This assignment has many benefits. First, it requires a search of indexing and abstracting databases from the online library to find an article that meets the specified criteria (must be related to ethics). It also emphasizes what a scholarly article is; to discern between scholarly and non-scholarly writing; to condense someone else's lengthy argument into a concise report; to think critically about what has been read by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the research; and, thus, to become participants in the discussions regarding the topic at hand.

FYI: Wikipedia is not an acceptable resource for academic writing. Please use the university library for reference. Articles must be peer-reviewed.

The U.S. Department of Justice’s organizational structure changed after 9/11/01. One section that was

added is the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section of the Criminal Division of the

Department of Justice. Combatting cybercrime has implications that concern whether law enforcement

must disregard some Constitutional rights to protect Americans. Some of these issues concern privacy

laws and electronic surveillance.

For this paper, assume you are a policy maker in Washington, D.C. Outline the problem and propose

suggestions you recommend to encourage law enforcement and lawmakers to protect Constitutional

rights of Americans while continuing to fight cybercrime.

Your paper must be at least 700-800 words in length, excluding the title and reference pages, and must

adhere to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition writing format.

If your paper does not comply with this format, you will lose points. You may want to visit Purdue OWL

or the Saint Leo University Library APA Guide for assistance with formatting your paper in APA style. The

Saint Leo University Library recommends Zotero, which is free, to assist in correct APA formatting.

You must cite at least two scholarly references for your paper.

On a Word document describe in a bulleted fashion in complete sentences at least two to eight specific things that you learned in each video. The number required is after each video’s name. Organize your bulleted comments per video under the bold titles of the videos on the Word document and then upload them to Canvas. The key points must be in complete sentences. There will be 18 statements in total, 3 per video.
video 1- Beginners Guide to the Proloquo2Go Communication App https://youtu.be/SD787kRJSyA?si=2m89zLi7yQSZVS79 Eight key points about how this app works and its benefits video 2- Enrique and Proloquo2Go – He always understood https://youtu.be/CFi_vMlMYCg?si=6Mc4qdtCI1XZ0tED He always understood: Two key points video 3-No more boundaries – Parents about Proloquo2Go https://youtu.be/ZOxfeYeExoo?si=hlx4uV59ZTJ1pYJ- Two key points video 4-Sesame Enable – Open Sesame! https://youtu.be/EWC6iis–kY?si=h1MZrKMvfqoRTyUm Two key points video5-Gena: Accommodations in College and Communication Device Mentor https://youtu.be/nUlXzPSvv2Y?si=gp_anyCaAsZ4pnJs Two key points video6-Rett Syndrome and Assistive Communication https://youtu.be/2GRb5JOe46o?si=bJNTPtDNWw9-89Sh Two key points

As defined by Dr. Camara Jones, Health equity is “assurance of the conditions for optimal health for all people.” Press here to learn more about health equity. After considering the provided definition of health equity and information within the video, please work to answer the following: What are the health inequities present within the community (i.e., county or state level) associated with the project? Minority health in volusia county How does the proposed project relate to the following health equity-related topics? The social determinants of health, as discussed in section five (i.e., item d) Health disparities, as discussed in section five (i.e., item f) Past injustices related to the social construct of race

The United States created Medicaid — a publicly funded healthcare program — to assist people in obtaining healthcare services. 5–7pgs that explores Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and that addresses the following:

GET YOUR PAPER ANSWERED AT Best College Essay Writing Service — EssayQuest

What legislation introduced Medicaid, and what are the funding sources for the program?
What are some of the changes, including CHIP, that have occurred to the Medicaid program since its inception?
What are the demographics of the majority of people covered by Medicaid, and how many people in the United States are covered by Medicaid?
Evaluate the changes that have occurred to Medicaid with the inception of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. What are the current changes in Medicaid based on current legislation?
Assess social and cultural changes and their impact on developing new health policies to make Medicaid and CHIP more effective.
Note: APA style, and it should include 4 references, 2 of which are peer-reviewed sources from healthcare journals and published within the last 5 years.

Instructions
This week’s assignment functions as the beginning of your final course project. Specifically, you are to select a case study from the presented options (please see below). Then, you are to: (a) summarize the content of the case study (e.g., who is the patient? What is the ailment? How severe? Etc.); (b) identify the individual’s developmental stage and discuss the typical milestones of that stage; and (c) discuss the potential influences that a health condition might have on the typical developmental milestones.

This assignment should be submitted as a Word document and include the following: (a) title page, (b) paper narrative, and (c) reference list. The final document should adhere to APA 7th edition formatting requirements.

The second case option is presented in a 2019 research article.

Naviaux, A. F. (2019). Management of ARFID (avoidant restrictive food intake disorder) in a 12-year-old on a pediatric ward in a general hospital: Use of mirtazapine, partial hospitalization model and family based therapy. Psychiatria Danubina, 31(3), 421-426.

Assignment Task
Relevance

Registered Nurses have a significant role to play in advancing the quality of patient care in clinical workplaces. Leadership competence within clinical practice, at all levels, is recognised by the Nursing and Midwifery Council Registered Nurse Standards for Practice. This assessment task provides students with an opportunity to propose a leadership approach to address a clinical problem as represented in the following case. It is expected that this activity will foster deeper understanding of change leadership in nursing contexts.

Scenario

You are a Registered Nurse working at the Bowerbird Estate aged care residential facility. Bowerbird Estate is located in a rural township (population 8,000) in Central NSW. The town is located 50 km from the nearest regional centre and hospital. The facility provides care for 100 residents, many of whom are some distance from their families and friends. The facility is staffed by Registered, Enrolled nurses and Assistants in Nursing, kitchen, cleaning and administrative staff. A Director of Nursing, a Deputy Director of Nursing and a Business Manager oversee the operations of the facility. The services of a Diversional Therapist, a Physiotherapist, a Pharmacist and several medical doctors from the local general practice are employed by the facility.

During a recent accreditation visit, the accreditation team found that residents in the facility were at risk of pressure injury, with no consistent approach to prevention. The lack of consistency posed a risk to the safety and quality of resident care. The team recommended a change to current practice, including the development of an appropriate procedure, and a training program for all care staff to attend.

In response to the recommendations made by the accreditation team, the Director of Nursing has asked you to develop a proposal in which you are to outline the appropriate change leadership approaches you will take to implement the change, to satisfy the accreditation requirements.